For Loop - Execution Flow in Java

Java uses the brackets ({}) to indicate which lines of code are part of a for loop and which are not.

Take this code for example:

String[] languages = {"Python", "Java", "JavaScript"};

for (String language : languages) {
  System.out.println("I love " + language);
  System.out.println("I want to get better at it");
}

Both System.out.println statements are part of the loop since they are written inside the brackets.

This means that both messages will be printed for every language in the languages list. The output of that code would be:

I love Python
I want to get better at it
I love Java
I want to get better at it
I love JavaScript
I want to get better at it

As for this code:

String[] languages = {"Python", "Java", "JavaScript"};

for (String language : languages) {
  System.out.println("I love " + language);
}
System.out.println("I want to get better at them");

The System.out.println("I want to get better at them"); is not part of the loop.

This means that only System.out.println("I love " + language); will be executed for every language in the languages list.

Then, when the for loop is over, the System.out.println("I want to get better at them"); will be executed only once.

The output of this program would be:

I love Python
I love Java
I love JavaScript
I want to get better at them

Execution flow

Lastly, note that the execution of a program always begins on the first line. The code is then executed one line at a time from top to bottom. This is known as execution flow and is the order a program in Java executes code.

For example, this program:

String[] fruits = {"banana", "apple", "kiwi"};

System.out.println("I'm hungry!");

for (String fruit : fruits) {
  System.out.println("I'm gonna eat:");
  System.out.println(fruit);
}
  

System.out.println("I love my life!");

prints:

I'm hungry!
I'm gonna eat:
banana
I'm gonna eat:
apple
I'm gonna eat:
kiwi
I love my life!

Assignment:

Add a for loop inside our code in the editor such that the final program would print:

Today we'll learn about:
Python
Java
JavaScript
Let's code!

Solution

To achieve the desired output, we need to add a for loop that iterates over the array of languages and prints each language. Here is the detailed solution:

Code Implementation

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Define an array of languages
        String[] languages = {"Python", "Java", "JavaScript"};
        
        // Print the initial statement
        System.out.println("Today we'll learn about:");
        
        // For loop to iterate over each language in the array
        for (String language : languages) {
            // Print each language
            System.out.println(language);
        }
        
        // Print the final statement
        System.out.println("Let's code!");
    }
}

Explanation

Let's break down the code step-by-step:

Define an array of languages: We start by defining an array of strings named languages that contains the elements "Python", "Java", and "JavaScript".
Print the initial statement: We use System.out.println to print "Today we'll learn about:". This statement is outside the loop, so it will be printed only once.
For loop to iterate over each language: We use a for-each loop to iterate over each element in the languages array. The loop variable language will take the value of each element in the array one by one.
Print each language: Inside the loop, we use System.out.println to print the current value of the language variable. This will print each language on a new line.
Print the final statement: After the loop, we use System.out.println to print "Let's code!". This statement is also outside the loop, so it will be printed only once.

Output

The output of the program will be:

Today we'll learn about:
Python
Java
JavaScript
Let's code!

Conclusion